les animaux ont une conscience..

traduit par google...à la fin, vous avez l'original en anglais...


En cette journée du 7 Juillet 2012, un groupe international de premier plan de neurosciences cognitives, neuropharmacologists, neurophysiologists, neuroanatomists and computational neuroscientists neuropharmacologistes, neurophysiologistes, neuroanatomistes et neuroscientifiques de calcul gathered at The University of Cambridge to reassess the neurobiological substrates of conscious se sont réunis à l'Université de Cambridge pour réévaluer les substrats neurobiologiques de la conscience experience and related behaviors in human and non-human animals. l'expérience et les comportements connexes chez les animaux humains et non-humains.
While comparative research on Bien que la recherche comparative sur this topic is naturally hampered by the inability of non-human animals, and often humans, to clearly ce sujet est naturellement entravée par l'incapacité des animaux non-humains, et souvent les humains, clairement and readily communicate about their internal states, the following observations can be stated et communiquer facilement sur ​​leurs états internes, les observations suivantes peuvent être indiquées unequivocally: sans équivoque:  The field of Consciousness research is rapidly evolving.  Le champ de recherche sur la conscience évolue rapidement. Abundant new techniques and strategies L'abondance des nouvelles techniques et stratégies for human and non-human animal research have been developed. pour la recherche des animaux humains et non-humains ont été développés. Consequently, more data is Par conséquent, davantage de données sont becoming readily available, and this calls for a periodic reevaluation of previously held devenir facilement disponible, ce qui exige une réévaluation périodique des occupait auparavant preconceptions in this field. préjugés dans ce domaine. Studies of non-human animals have shown that homologous brain Des études sur des animaux non humains ont montré que le cerveau homologue circuits correlated with conscious experience and perception can be selectively facilitated and circuits en corrélation avec l'expérience consciente et la perception peut être sélectivement facilité et disrupted to assess whether they are in fact necessary for those experiences. perturbé de déterminer si elles sont en effet nécessaires pour ces expériences. Moreover, in En outre, dans humans, new non-invasive techniques are readily available to survey the correlates of humains, de nouvelles techniques non invasives sont disponibles pour étudier les corrélats de la consciousness. conscience.  The neural substrates of emotions do not appear to be confined to cortical structures.  Les substrats neuronaux des émotions ne semblent pas se limiter aux structures corticales. In fact, En fait, subcortical neural networks aroused during affective states in humans are also critically réseaux de neurones sous-corticaux suscités pendant les états affectifs chez l'homme sont également très important for generating emotional behaviors in animals. importants pour générer des comportements émotionnels chez les animaux. Artificial arousal of the same brain L'excitation artificielle de la même cerveau regions generates corresponding behavior and feeling states in both humans and non-human régions génère un comportement correspondant et états affectifs chez les humains et non-humains animals. animaux. Wherever in the brain one evokes instinctual emotional behaviors in non-human Partout dans le cerveau on évoque instinctives comportements émotionnels en non-humain animals, many of the ensuing behaviors are consistent with experienced feeling states, including animaux, de nombreux comportements qui en découlent sont conformes aux états affectifs expérimentés, y compris those internal states that are rewarding and punishing. les états internes qui sont récompenser et de punir. Deep brain stimulation of these systems La stimulation cérébrale profonde de ces systèmes in humans can also generate similar affective states. chez l'homme peut également générer des états affectifs similaires. Systems associated with affect are Systèmes liés à l'affect sont concentrated in subcortical regions where neural homologies abound. concentrée dans les régions sous-corticales où abondent les homologies de neurones. Young human and non- Jeune homme et la non- human animals without neocortices retain these brain-mind functions. animaux humains sans neocortices conserver ces fonctions du cerveau-esprit. Furthermore, neural En outre, de neurones circuits supporting behavioral/electrophysiological states of attentiveness, sleep and decision circuits de soutien états comportementaux / électrophysiologiques de l'attention, le sommeil et la prise de making appear to have arisen in evolution as early as the invertebrate radiation, being evident in faisant semblent avoir surgi dans l'évolution dès le rayonnement des invertébrés, étant évident dans insects and cephalopod mollusks (eg, octopus). les insectes et les mollusques céphalopodes (par exemple, le poulpe).  Birds appear to offer, in their behavior, neurophysiology, and neuroanatomy a striking case of  Les oiseaux semblent offrir, dans leur comportement, de la neurophysiologie, neuroanatomie et d'une façon saisissante parallel evolution of consciousness. évolution parallèle de la conscience. Evidence of near human-like levels of consciousness has Preuve de près de humain-comme des niveaux de conscience a been most dramatically observed in African grey parrots. été la plus spectaculaire observée chez les perroquets gris d'Afrique. Mammalian and avian emotional Mammifères et les oiseaux émotionnel networks and cognitive microcircuitries appear to be far more homologous than previously réseaux et microcircuitries cognitives semblent être beaucoup plus qu'auparavant homologue thought. pensé. Moreover, certain species of birds have been found to exhibit neural sleep patterns En outre, certaines espèces d'oiseaux ont été trouvés exposer les habitudes de sommeil de neurones similar to those of mammals, including REM sleep and, as was demonstrated in zebra finches, similaires à ceux des mammifères, y compris le sommeil paradoxal et, comme cela a été démontré dans les diamants mandarins, neurophysiological patterns, previously thought to require a mammalian neocortex. modèles neurophysiologiques, que l'on croyait besoin d'un néocortex des mammifères. Magpies in Pies dans
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particular have been shown to exhibit striking similarities to humans, great apes, dolphins, and particulier a été démontré que présentent des similitudes frappantes avec les humains, les grands singes, les dauphins et elephants in studies of mirror self-recognition. éléphants dans les études de miroir auto-reconnaissance.  In humans, the effect of certain hallucinogens appears to be associated with a disruption in  Chez l'homme, l'effet de certaines hallucinogènes semble être associée à une perturbation cortical feedforward and feedback processing. corticale anticipation et le traitement des commentaires. Pharmacological interventions in non-human Interventions pharmacologiques non humain animals with compounds known to affect conscious behavior in humans can lead to similar animaux avec des composés connus pour affecter le comportement conscient chez les humains peut conduire à même perturbations in behavior in non-human animals. perturbations du comportement dans les animaux non humains. In humans, there is evidence to suggest that Chez l'homme, il existe des preuves pour suggérer que awareness is correlated with cortical activity, which does not exclude possible contributions by prise de conscience est en corrélation avec l'activité corticale, ce qui n'exclut pas d'éventuelles contributions par subcortical or early cortical processing, as in visual awareness. sous-corticales ou au début de traitement cortical, comme dans la conscience visuelle. Evidence that human and non- La preuve que l'homme et la non- human animal emotional feelings arise from homologous subcortical brain networks provide sentiments émotionnels humains ou animaux proviennent de réseaux cérébraux sous-corticales homologues fournissent compelling evidence for evolutionarily shared primal affective qualia. des preuves convaincantes de l'évolution, partagée qualia affective primitive. We declare the following: “ The absence of a neocortex does not appear to preclude an organism from Nous déclarons ce qui suit: «L'absence d'un néocortex ne semble pas exclure un organisme de experiencing affective states. expérimenter des états affectifs. Convergent evidence indicates that non-human animals have the Preuves convergentes indique que des animaux non humains ont la neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates of conscious states along with substrats neuroanatomiques, neurochimiques et neurophysiologiques des états de conscience ainsi que les the capacity to exhibit intentional behaviors. la capacité de manifester des comportements intentionnels. Consequently, the weight of evidence indicates that Par conséquent, le poids de la preuve indique que humans are not unique in possessing the neurological substrates that generate consciousness. les humains ne sont pas uniques à posséder les substrats neurologiques qui produisent la conscience. Non- Non- human animals, including all mammals and birds, and many other creatures, including octopuses, also animaux de l'homme, y compris tous les mammifères et les oiseaux, et de nombreuses autres créatures, y compris les poulpes, aussi possess these neurological substrates.” possèdent ces substrats neurologiques. " * * The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness was written by Philip Low and edited by Jaak Panksepp, Diana Reiss, David Edelman, Bruno Van La Déclaration de Cambridge sur la conscience a été écrit par Philip Low et édité par Jaak Panksepp, Diana Reiss, David Edelman, Bruno Van Swinderen, Philip Low and Christof Koch. Swinderen, Philip Low et Christof Koch. The Declaration was publicly proclaimed in Cambridge, UK, on July 7, 2012, at the Francis Crick La Déclaration a été proclamé publiquement à Cambridge, Royaume-Uni, le 7 Juillet 2012, à l'Crick Francis Memorial Conference on Consciousness in Human and non-Human Animals, at Churchill College, University of Cambridge, by Low, Edelman and Conférence commémorative sur la conscience chez les animaux de l'homme et non l'homme, au Churchill College, Université de Cambridge, en bas, Edelman et Koch. Koch. The Declaration was signed by the conference participants that very evening, in the presence of Stephen Hawking, in the Balfour Room at La déclaration a été signée par les participants à la conférence le soir même, en présence de Stephen Hawking, dans la salle à Balfour the Hotel du Vin in Cambridge, UK. l'Hôtel du Vin à Cambridge, Royaume-Uni. The signing ceremony was memorialized by CBS 60 Minutes. La cérémonie de signature a été commémoré par CBS 60 Minutes.


The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness*
On this day of July 7, 2012, a prominent international group of cognitive neuroscientists,
neuropharmacologists, neurophysiologists, neuroanatomists and computational neuroscientists
gathered at The University of Cambridge to reassess the neurobiological substrates of conscious
experience and related behaviors in human and non-human animals. While comparative research on
this topic is naturally hampered by the inability of non-human animals, and often humans, to clearly
and readily communicate about their internal states, the following observations can be stated
unequivocally:
 The field of Consciousness research is rapidly evolving. Abundant new techniques and strategies
for human and non-human animal research have been developed. Consequently, more data is
becoming readily available, and this calls for a periodic reevaluation of previously held
preconceptions in this field. Studies of non-human animals have shown that homologous brain
circuits correlated with conscious experience and perception can be selectively facilitated and
disrupted to assess whether they are in fact necessary for those experiences. Moreover, in
humans, new non-invasive techniques are readily available to survey the correlates of
consciousness.
 The neural substrates of emotions do not appear to be confined to cortical structures. In fact,
subcortical neural networks aroused during affective states in humans are also critically
important for generating emotional behaviors in animals. Artificial arousal of the same brain
regions generates corresponding behavior and feeling states in both humans and non-human
animals. Wherever in the brain one evokes instinctual emotional behaviors in non-human
animals, many of the ensuing behaviors are consistent with experienced feeling states, including
those internal states that are rewarding and punishing. Deep brain stimulation of these systems
in humans can also generate similar affective states. Systems associated with affect are
concentrated in subcortical regions where neural homologies abound. Young human and nonhuman
animals without neocortices retain these brain-mind functions. Furthermore, neural
circuits supporting behavioral/electrophysiological states of attentiveness, sleep and decision
making appear to have arisen in evolution as early as the invertebrate radiation, being evident in
insects and cephalopod mollusks (e.g., octopus).
 Birds appear to offer, in their behavior, neurophysiology, and neuroanatomy a striking case of
parallel evolution of consciousness. Evidence of near human-like levels of consciousness has
been most dramatically observed in African grey parrots. Mammalian and avian emotional
networks and cognitive microcircuitries appear to be far more homologous than previously
thought. Moreover, certain species of birds have been found to exhibit neural sleep patterns
similar to those of mammals, including REM sleep and, as was demonstrated in zebra finches,
neurophysiological patterns, previously thought to require a mammalian neocortex. Magpies in
particular have been shown to exhibit striking similarities to humans, great apes, dolphins, and
elephants in studies of mirror self-recognition.
 In humans, the effect of certain hallucinogens appears to be associated with a disruption in
cortical feedforward and feedback processing. Pharmacological interventions in non-human
animals with compounds known to affect conscious behavior in humans can lead to similar
perturbations in behavior in non-human animals. In humans, there is evidence to suggest that
awareness is correlated with cortical activity, which does not exclude possible contributions by
subcortical or early cortical processing, as in visual awareness. Evidence that human and nonhuman
animal emotional feelings arise from homologous subcortical brain networks provide
compelling evidence for evolutionarily shared primal affective qualia.
We declare the following: “The absence of a neocortex does not appear to preclude an organism from
experiencing affective states. Convergent evidence indicates that non-human animals have the
neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates of conscious states along with
the capacity to exhibit intentional behaviors. Consequently, the weight of evidence indicates that
humans are not unique in possessing the neurological substrates that generate consciousness. Nonhuman
animals, including all mammals and birds, and many other creatures, including octopuses, also
possess these neurological substrates.”
* The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness was written by Philip Low and edited by Jaak Panksepp, Diana Reiss, David Edelman, Bruno Van
Swinderen, Philip Low and Christof Koch. The Declaration was publicly proclaimed in Cambridge, UK, on July 7, 2012, at the Francis Crick
Memorial Conference on Consciousness in Human and non-Human Animals, at Churchill College, University of Cambridge, by Low, Edelman and
Koch. The Declaration was signed by the conference participants that very evening, in the presence of Stephen Hawking, in the Balfour Room at
the Hotel du Vin in Cambridge, UK. The signing ceremony was memorialized by CBS 60 Minutes.